فصلنامه بیهوشی و درد
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1401)

Theoretical advances and research developments have provided the basis for conceptualizing headache as a psycho-physiological disorder, and have eventually led to the use of behavioral and psychological therapies for headache. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on resilience and intensity of pain experience in women with chronic headache.

This study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest & follow up control group design. The population of this study consisted of all women with headaches in 2019 for the treatment of headache to the Government Clinic neurologist referred Esfahan city formed. In total, 30 women were selected by purposive sampling as the participants and randomly divided into tow groups. The members of the experimental group received their group-specific treatment in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours; But members of the control group did not receive any treatment. Analysis of findings through repeated measures analysis of variance test.

In the pretest, the mean and standard deviation of  resilience & chronic headaches There was no significant difference in the experimental and control groups (p>0.05). Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy in post-test improved Resilience and intensity of pain experience women with chronic headache (p<0.001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy was lasting (p<0.001).

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy may be effective in reducing the severity of headaches by reducing catastrophic headaches, thereby reducing pain-related fears, and therefore in increasing resilience in women with chronic headaches, and can be considered a useful preventive strategy.

Pain is a very serious complication that has attracted the attention of mental health professionals. The aim of this study was to predict the components of chronic pain based on insecure attachment style, mentalization and alexithymia in patients with musculoskeletal pain in 1399.

Descriptive correlational study and statistical population including all patients with chronic pain, especially musculoskeletal pain, joint pain, osteoarthritis in the period from April to August 2020, who referred to Yalda Clinic, Imam Khomeini Hospital and Asa Clinic in Tehran. The sample consisted of 232 people who were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaires of chronic pain, adult attachment, mentalization and alexithymia. After collecting the data, its analysis was performed using version 22 of SPSS software.

In all cases except anxiety insecure attachment, a significant relationship was observed at the level of less than 0.05 and the highest rate of variability by predictor variables for pain inability was related to mentalization (0.25) followed by alexithymia (0.09) and then Avoidance was avoidance (0.04). The coefficient of determination for pain intensity was 40%, with the highest variability related to mentalization with 0.26 and then alexithymia with 0.12 and then unsafe avoidance with 0.019.

Insecure attachment style, alexithymia and mentalization play a significant role in predicting the components of chronic pain, which can be considered constructive and effective for the implementation of policies and necessary interventions in the field of chronic pain by specialists.

In addition, magnesium is administered intravenously, epidurally or intraperitoneally. Each of these methods can have different effects in different surgeries. In this study, we seek randomized clinical trials that The preoperative magnesium administration was compared with a control group and included studies evaluating the rate of chills as the main variable and outcome. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative magnesium on the prevention of postoperative shivering.

This article was a systematic review of all quality articles published by the end of 2020 with the keywords magnesium, chills, surgery, prevention and search in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Tested Controlled EMBASE and Web of Science databases. Were.
 

In the initial search, 3294 publications were identified. 64 articles were included in this study. The results showed that the incidence of shivering in the magnesium group with IV, epidural, intra-peritoneal injection was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Complications were also found to include complications such as extubation time, length of stay in PACU, serum magnesium concentration, nausea or vomiting, sedation, pruritus, hypotension, bradycardia. Significantly less than the control group.

Preventive use of magnesium can reduce the severity and number of chills after anesthesia as well as other complications after anesthesia.

One of the most common progressive destructive diseases in the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis. Its inflammatory process causes a wide range of limitations, including reduced control of posture and the ability to walk. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of resistance training on body posture control and gait ability in patients with multiple sclerosis.

To access scientific articles from 2000 to 2021, search for keywords related to the present study, which included: resistance training, exercise therapy, balance, posture, walking, performance and multiple sclerosis, from databases such as PubMed, Magiran , IranDoc, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar, Noormags, Trip Database, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and Scopus. Resistance exercises used to control of posture and ability of these patients to walk were used. PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of articles.

253 studies were reviewed, of which 13 studies with inclusion criteria (score higher than 5 on the Pedro scale) were selected for review. There are many differences in methodology, sample size, method of implementation, how to examine the variables in the studied research that should be considered in the use of resistance exercises.

It seems that if resistance training is accompanied by special sports instructions for patients with multiple sclerosis, it can probably be effective in  control of posture and ability to walk.

Malignant hyperthermia is a rare and fatal disorder. A 16-year-old male patient was a candidate for rhinoplasty surgery with no history of disease and previous surgery, negative family history and no history of medication use in the operating room. Maintenance of anesthesia was performed with O2, NO2 (50% -50%) and MAC isoflurane 1. Gradually, from the 80th minute after the start of the operation, the patient had a tachycardia and the SPO2 began to decrease, reaching 93%, and the ETCO2 increased. While the tachycardia was still present, the patient's temperature rose to 38.5 ° C with a tympanic thermometer. The isoflurane was stopped immediately. Hyperventilation began and Dantrolen was administered at a dose of 2.5 mg / kg. Cooling of the patient began with cold saline infusion and ice gavage and bladder lavage with ice and cooling of the body surface. During this time, the patient's rhythm changed to V.Tack, followed by V.Fib, and finally cardiac arrest. Resuscitation was performed. At 110 minutes after the surgery, the patient's rhythm returned to V.Tak and V.fib, and cardiac arrest occurred, and resuscitation was performed. After 10 minutes, a pulse was established. The patient was transferred to the ICU. About 6 hours after entering the ICU, the patient had cardiac arrest and CPR did not respond and the patient died. According to the results of the above study, the most important point is suspecting the occurrence of this syndrome and also the immediate start of treatment immediately after the onset of symptoms.

Pain anxiety is one of the most common psychological disorders in patients with migraine headaches that affects the response to treatment. This study aimed to comparison the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy focused on Insomnia with    mindfulness based cognitive therapy and Fordyce happiness training on pain anxiety in women with migraine headache

The present research employed a pretest-posttest and two months follow-up control group quasi-experimental design with four groups. The sample size consisted of 60 women with migraine headache referred to psychiatric clinics in Kerman city in 1399, selected via a convenience sampling method based on the inclusion criteria. Then they were randomly assigned to three experimental and one control groups (each with 15 participants). Experimental groups participated in cognitive behavioral therapy focused on insomnia and mindfulness based cognitive therapy and Fordyce happiness training. To measure the dependent variable of the research, Pain Anxiety Scale (PASS-20) was administered to four groups in three research phases. The data were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test through SPSS version 24.

Cognitive behavioral therapy focused on insomnia and mindfulness based cognitive therapy and Fordyce happiness training had been a significant effect on reducing pain anxiety (P<0. 01) and this effect was stable during follow-up period (P<0.01).  

Cognitive behavioral therapy focused on Insomnia and mindfulness based cognitive therapy and Fordyce happiness training as effective interventions can be used in medical centers to reduce pain anxiety in women with migraine headache.

Chronic neck pain is a common problem and is often associated with changes in sensory-motor functions such as decreased neck proprioception, altered neck muscle coordination, and increased postural fluctuations. The aim of this study was the effectiveness of exercise therapy in improving chronic non-specific neck pain in athletes in Khorramabad.

The present study was a pre-test-post-test clinical trial with an intervention group and a control group. Thirty athletes with chronic neck pain were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of exercise therapy (n = 14) and control (n = 15). Evaluation of neck pain and disability was performed before and immediately after eight weeks of 3 sessions (15 minutes) of rehabilitation exercises by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index from both intervention and control groups, respectively. Data were analyzed using covariance tests at the level of α = 0.05.

The results showed that the pain intensity (P≤0.001) and functional disability (P≤0.001) after eight sessions of training in athletes with chronic nonspecific neck pain were significantly reduced.

Rehabilitation exercises intervention including stabilizing and strengthening the neck improves pain in athletes with chronic neck pain and disability, so it is recommended that rehabilitation exercises be used as a suitable and practical method in treating athletes with chronic non-specific neck pain.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise-mindfulness intervention on pain and quality of life in patients with carcinoma cancer in the chemotherapy phase.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study. 30 subjects were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The exercise protocol was performed live on Instagram for 45 minutes as two sessions per week of training and one session per week of mindfulness. Quality of life was assessed with the World Health Organization (WHOQOL) Questionnaire and pain was assessed with the VanKroff Graded Chronic Pain Scale in before the intervention, during and after the intervention. 

The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that the main effect of the group on the variables of quality of life and pain was significant (P = 0.000). Also, the results related to the main effects of repetition on the two variables of quality of life and pain were significant (P = 0.000).

Exercise-mindfulness intervention seems to improve the quality of life and pain of carcinoma cancer patients. Due to the increasing trend of cancer patients, the results of this study can be useful for medical staff, especially nurses, in order to properly deal with patients.

Low back pain causes movement and occupational restrictions in women. The aim of this study was to compare women with and without low back pain and its relationship with body type, muscle percentage and fat.

The statistical population consisted of women with low back pain (28 people, 30 to 60 years old) were randomly selected and 28 people were selected as healthy or controls. In this study, tape meter, caliper, colis, Heath Carter test, physical fitness software, body composition measuring device, camera and corrective movements software were used.

Among the variables of body mass index, in all skinfolds (triceps, supralliac, subscapular and calf), arm condyle diameter, lumbar angle, percentage of fat and muscle, fat and muscle weight, as well as in ectomorphic somatotypes and there is a significant difference in endomorphs. The predominant type of women with low back pain is ectomorphic-endomorph type. There was no significant relationship between endomorphic and mesomorphic body type with muscle and fat percentage (except for fat percentage in the low back pain group).

In women with low back pain and obesity, being overweight leads to changes in body type and abnormalities in the trunk and spine. Therefore, experts in the field of physical education and corrective movements are recommended to provide exercises to correct lordosis and kyphosis. On the other hand, by identifying these people, it is possible to prevent abnormalities, injuries, and excessive medical expenses.

Pain is a multidimensional experience and is one of the symptoms of various physical and psychological problems. Some studies have shown that people with Covid-19 experience problems such as myalgia, headache, muscle aches, and anxiety after the acute phase of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety, pain intensity and interference in daily activities.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Research community of patients with Covid-19 Khoy city who received positive PCR test. Among them, 96 patients with complaints such as muscle pain, headache, and low back pain with no history of pain experience were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control rounds. For the experimental group, progressive muscle relaxation exercises were taught in 12 sessions and patients were asked to practice 60 sessions of 20 minutes over 8 weeks. Data were collected using Beck pain intensity and anxiety questionnaires in pre-test and post-test. After data collection, multivariate analysis of covariance analysis was used in SPSS-26 software to control the effect of pretest.

Levin test showed homogeneity of variances (significance level from 0.11 to 0.58); So analysis of covariance can be used. Analysis of scores of anxiety, pain intensity, interference in daily activities in both groups is a decreasing trend, and the difference in scores of anxiety, pain intensity, interference in daily activities between the experimental and control groups is significant at the level of P <0.01. The effect size for progressive muscle relaxation in reducing pain intensity experienced was 0.65, reducing pain interference in daily activities was 0.71 and for anxiety was 0.78, indicating the average effect size of muscle relaxation for all three components.

The findings of this study show that progressive muscle relaxation training can significantly and effectively reduce anxiety, pain intensity and interference in daily activities. Progressive muscle relaxation exercises with stimulation of the sympathetic nerves can reduce patients' anxiety and stress, and reducing stress in turn can reduce the experience of pain perception. Therefore, in addition to drug treatments to reduce anxiety and pain intensity, progressive muscle relaxation can be used.